AXCL 主控环境搭建

这一节主要是描述各个操作系统以及发行版如何开启CMA内存管理，下面列举已经支持的平台。

平台 arch OS 内核 验证过程
intel x64 centos9 5.14.0 pass
intel x64 Ubuntu24.04 6.8.0 pass
intel x64 Kylin 10 5.14.0 pass
intel x64 OpenEuler 24.03 6.6.0 pass
AX650 arm64 Linux 5.15.73 pass
Raspberry Pi5 arm64 Raspbian 6.6.0 pass
rk3568 arm64 ubuntu 20.4 5.10.160 pass
rk3588 arm64 ubuntu 20.4 5.10.160 pass

CentOS 9

系统信息

[test@centos ~]$ uname -a
Linux centos 5.14.0-527.el9.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Nov 6 13:28:51 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[test@centos ~]$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Stream"
VERSION="9"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="9"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:el9"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Stream 9"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
LOGO="fedora-logo-icon"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:9"
HOME_URL="https://centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://issues.redhat.com/"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="CentOS Stream"
[test@centos ~]$

环境搭建

  1. 更新软件包：sudo yum update

  2. 安装内核源码：sudo yum install -y kernel-devel kernel-headers

  3. 修改 grub 文件添加 reserved cma size，转码卡建议设置为 256MB

    [test@centos ~]$ cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M resume=/dev/mapper/cs_192-swap rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/root rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/swap rhgb quiet cma=256M"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
GRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true
[test@centos ~]$

  4. 更新 grub：

    sudo su
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
grub2-editenv - set "$(grub2-editenv - list | grep kernelopts) cma=256M"
grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="cma=256M"

  5. 关闭 SELinux：

    [test@centos ~]$ cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
# See also:
# https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/getting-started-with-selinux/#getting-started-with-selinux-selinux-states-and-modes
#
# NOTE: In earlier Fedora kernel builds, SELINUX=disabled would also
# fully disable SELinux during boot. If you need a system with SELinux
# fully disabled instead of SELinux running with no policy loaded, you
# need to pass selinux=0 to the kernel command line. You can use grubby
# to persistently set the bootloader to boot with selinux=0:
#
#    grubby --update-kernel ALL --args selinux=0
#
# To revert back to SELinux enabled:
#
#    grubby --update-kernel ALL --remove-args selinux
#
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted


[test@centos ~]$

  6. 安装相关软件包：

    sudo yum install -y patch
sudo yum install -y rpm-build
sudo yum install -y gcc g++ make

  7. 重启，执行 reboot 或 sudo reboot

  8. dmesg | grep cma 查看 CMA reserved 是否设置成功：

    [test@centos ~]$ dmesg | grep cma
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,gpt2)/vmlinuz-5.14.0-527.el9.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/cs_192-root ro crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M resume=/dev/mapper/cs_192-swap rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/root rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/swap rhgb quiet cma=256M
[    0.005347] cma: Reserved 256 MiB at 0x0000000100000000 on node -1
[    0.014230] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,gpt2)/vmlinuz-5.14.0-527.el9.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/cs_192-root ro crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M resume=/dev/mapper/cs_192-swap rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/root rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/swap rhgb quiet cma=256M
[    0.050869] Memory: 1085392K/33116588K available (16384K kernel code, 5720K rwdata, 13156K rodata, 4016K init, 5528K bss, 1080032K reserved, 262144K cma-reserved)
[    0.198289] cma: Initial CMA usage detected
[test@centos ~]$

Ubuntu 22.04

系统信息

test@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="22.04"
VERSION="22.04.5 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)"
VERSION_CODENAME=jammy
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=jammy
test@ubuntu:~$

环境搭建

Ubuntu 22.04 默认没有打开 CONFIG_CMA=y 和 CONFIG_DMA_CMA=y，所以需要重建内核。

使用 cat /boot/config-$(uname -r) | grep CMA可以查看当前内核关于CMA的配置。

  1. 安装软件包：sudo apt install gcc g++ make libncurses-dev flex bison libelf-dev libssl-dev

  2. 获取内核源代码：sudo apt install linux-source-6.5.0

  3. 解压源码包：cd /usr/src/; tar jxvf linux-source-6.5.0.tar.bz2

  4. 进入内核源码目录：cd /usr/src/linux-source-6.5.0/

  5. 为方便操作切换为root用户：sudo su

  6. 清理旧文件：make distclean

  7. 复制内核配置文件：cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) /usr/src/linux-source-6.5.0/.config

  8. 配置内核

    scripts/config --enable CMA
scripts/config --enable DMA_CMA

scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS
scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS
scripts/config --disable DEBUG_INFO_BTF

make olddefconfig # 更新配置

  9. 构建内核 (编译时间较长)：

    make -j$(nproc)
make modules_install -j$(nproc)
make headers_install -j$(nproc)
make install

  10. 配置CMA大小：vim /etc/default/grub，添加 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cma=256MB"

    root@ubuntu:~# cat /etc/default/grub
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cma=256MB"

# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"

# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
root@ubuntu:~#

  11. 更新grub：update-grub

  12. 重启设备：reboot

  13. 查看CMA reserved的大小：sudo dmesg | grep cma

    test@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmesg | grep cma
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.5.13 root=UUID=ed2bd69d-f89a-4952-baef-aee37d6b02e2 ro cma=256MB quiet splash vt.handoff=7
[    0.005136] cma: Reserved 256 MiB at 0x0000000100000000
[    0.087585] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.5.13 root=UUID=ed2bd69d-f89a-4952-baef-aee37d6b02e2 ro cma=256MB quiet splash vt.handoff=7
[    0.198353] Memory: 31551428K/33116588K available (20480K kernel code, 4267K rwdata, 7276K rodata, 4772K init, 17416K bss, 1302756K reserved, 262144K cma-reserved)
test@ubuntu:~$

OpenEuler 24.03

系统信息

[test@openeuler ~]$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="openEuler"
VERSION="24.03 (LTS)"
ID="openEuler"
VERSION_ID="24.03"
PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 24.03 (LTS)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"

[test@openeuler ~]$

环境搭建

OpenEuler 24.03 默认没有打开 CONFIG_CMA=y 和 CONFIG_DMA_CMA=y，所以需要重建内核。

使用 cat /boot/config-$(uname -r) | grep CMA可以查看当前内核关于CMA的配置。

  1. 安装软件包：sudo dnf install -y rpm-build openssl-devel bc rsync gcc gcc-c++ flex bison m4 elfutils-libelf-devel dwarves

  2. 下载内核源码：sudo dnf install -y kernel-source

  3. 进入内核源码目录：cd /usr/src/linux-6.6.0-61.0.0.60.oe2403.x86_64/

  4. 为方便操作切换为root用户：sudo su

  5. 加载内核配置：make openeuler_defconfig

  6. 配置内核：

    scripts/config --enable CMA
scripts/config --enable DMA_CMA

scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS
scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS
scripts/config --disable DEBUG_INFO_BTF

make olddefconfig # 更新配置

  7. 构建内核 (编译时间较长)

    make -j$(nproc)
make modules_install -j$(nproc)
make headers_install -j$(nproc)
make install

  8. 配置CMA大小：vim /etc/default/grub，在 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 添加 "cma=256MB"

    [test@openeuler ~]$ cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="resume=UUID=8fc8e105-43fb-47b2-9815-3bebcc42ba3b rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/root rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/swap cgroup_disable=files apparmor=0 crashkernel=512M cma=256M"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
[test@openeuler ~]$

  9. 更新 grub

    grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
grub2-editenv - set "$(grub2-editenv - list | grep kernelopts) cma=256M"
grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="cma=256M"

  10. 关闭 SELinux，设置 SELINUX=disabled

    [test@openeuler ~]$ cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

[test@openeuler ~]$

  11. 重启，执行 reboot 或 sudo reboot

  12. dmesg | grep cma 查看 CMA reserved 是否设置成功：

    [test@openeuler ~]$ sudo dmesg | grep cma
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.6.0 root=UUID=bc2e1f2c-87c1-415d-ba78-67131985fa31 resume=UUID=8fc8e105-43fb-47b2-9815-3bebcc42ba3b rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/root rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/swap cgroup_disable=files apparmor=0 crashkernel=512M cma=256M
[    0.004731] cma: Reserved 256 MiB at 0x0000000100000000 on node -1
[    0.014041] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.6.0 root=UUID=bc2e1f2c-87c1-415d-ba78-67131985fa31 resume=UUID=8fc8e105-43fb-47b2-9815-3bebcc42ba3b rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/root rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/swap cgroup_disable=files apparmor=0 crashkernel=512M cma=256M
[    0.050907] Memory: 848232K/33116588K available (16384K kernel code, 5200K rwdata, 5340K rodata, 3440K init, 4848K bss, 1304332K reserved, 262144K cma-reserved)
[test@openeuler ~]$

Kylin 10

系统信息

系统版本：V10 SP1 2403 HWE

[axera@localhost ~]$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 5.14.0-148.el9.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 19 13:03:55 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[axera@localhost ~]$ uname -r
5.14.0-148.el9.x86_64

[axera@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="Kylin"
VERSION="银河麒麟桌面操作系统V10 (SP1)"
VERSION_US="Kylin Linux Desktop V10 (SP1)"
ID=kylin
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Kylin V10 SP1"
VERSION_ID="v10"
HOME_URL="http://www.kylinos.cn/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://www.kylinos.cn/support/technology.html"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.kylinos.cn/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="http://www.kylinos.cn"
VERSION_CODENAME=kylin
UBUNTU_CODENAME=kylin
PROJECT_CODENAME=V10SP1
KYLIN_RELEASE_ID="2403"

环境搭建

  1. 查看CMA和DMA是否打开？ 即 CONFIG_CMA=y 和 CONFIG_DMA_CMA=y

    [axera@localhost ~]$ cat /boot/config-5.10.0-9-generic | grep CMA
CONFIG_CMA=y
# CONFIG_CMA_DEBUG is not set
# CONFIG_CMA_DEBUGFS is not set
CONFIG_CMA_AREAS=7
CONFIG_NETWORK_SECMARK=y
CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_SECMARK=y
CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_CONNSECMARK=m
CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_SECMARK=m
CONFIG_B43_BCMA=y
CONFIG_B43_BUSES_BCMA_AND_SSB=y
# CONFIG_B43_BUSES_BCMA is not set
CONFIG_B43_BCMA_PIO=y
CONFIG_INPUT_CMA3000=m
CONFIG_INPUT_CMA3000_I2C=m
CONFIG_BCMA_POSSIBLE=y
CONFIG_BCMA=m
CONFIG_BCMA_BLOCKIO=y
CONFIG_BCMA_HOST_PCI_POSSIBLE=y
CONFIG_BCMA_HOST_PCI=y
CONFIG_BCMA_HOST_SOC=y
CONFIG_BCMA_DRIVER_PCI=y
CONFIG_BCMA_SFLASH=y
CONFIG_BCMA_DRIVER_GMAC_CMN=y
CONFIG_BCMA_DRIVER_GPIO=y
# CONFIG_BCMA_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_DRM_GEM_CMA_HELPER=y
CONFIG_DRM_KMS_CMA_HELPER=y
CONFIG_USB_HCD_BCMA=m
CONFIG_COMEDI_PCMAD=m
# CONFIG_ION_CMA_HEAP is not set
CONFIG_CRYPTO_CMAC=m
CONFIG_DMA_CMA=y
# CONFIG_DMA_PERNUMA_CMA is not set
CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_MBYTES=0
CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MBYTES=y
# CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_PERCENTAGE is not set
# CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MIN is not set
# CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MAX is not set
CONFIG_CMA_ALIGNMENT=8

  2. 如果kernel config没有打开CMA配置，参考 stackoverflow 帖子配置。

  3. dmesg | grep cma 查看CMA reserved的大小

[axera@localhost ~]$  dmesg | grep cma
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-5.10.0-9-generic root=UUID=c7a8075e-85dc-4a73-84e8-9b5bc3029204 ro cma=128MB quiet splash loglevel=0 resume=UUID=d27e8de7-dc17-47ab-92c6-5e7e34bca463 security=kysec
[    0.005838] cma: Reserved 128 MiB at 0x0000000487800000
[    0.026542] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-5.10.0-9-generic root=UUID=c7a8075e-85dc-4a73-84e8-9b5bc3029204 ro cma=128MB quiet splash loglevel=0 resume=UUID=d27e8de7-dc17-47ab-92c6-5e7e34bca463 security=kysec
[    0.052526] Memory: 15721272K/16458476K available (14345K kernel code, 6114K rwdata, 7480K rodata, 3828K init, 20636K bss, 605872K reserved, 131072K cma-reserved)

  1. 如果CMA大小没有配置成合适size（推荐不小于128MB），按照如下步骤配置：

  2. sudo vim /etc/default/grub，添加 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cma=128MB", size 根据自己业务和实际内存情况设置。

    [axera@localhost ~]$ sudo vim /etc/default/grub
输入密码          
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=1
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR_RELEASE=`lsb_release -d -s | awk -F" " '{print $2 " " $3}' 2> /dev/null || echo ""`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash loglevel=0"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cma=128MB"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_SECURITY="security=kysec"

# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"

# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

  3. sudo update-grub 更新grub

  4. sudo reboot

Raspberry Pi 5

在树莓派 5 上安装 AX650 加速卡时，首先需要准备一块 M.2 HAT+ 扩展板。参考官方链接，M.2 HAT+ 的官方版本只支持 2230、2242 的 M.2 M Key 卡，通常 AX650 加速卡是 2280 的，您可能需要考虑购买第三方的支持 2280 长度的 M.2 HAT+ 扩展板。

:::{Warning} 根据树莓派硬件批次不同，可能需要更新一下树莓派的 EEPROM 设置。具体步骤如下： :::

如同 PC 中的 BIOS，EEPROM 设置独立于烧录 OS 的 TF 卡，烧录最新的树莓派镜像或者切换镜像版本并不会主动更新 EEPROM 的设置。首先执行 update：

sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade

然后检查一下 EEPROM 中的版本：

sudo rpi-eeprom-update

如果看到的日期早于 2023 年 12 月 6 日，运行以下命令以打开 Raspberry Pi 配置 CLI：

sudo raspi-config

在 Advanced Options > Bootloader Version （引导加载程序版本） 下，选择 Latest （最新）。然后，使用 Finish 或 ESC 键退出 raspi-config。

执行以下命令，将固件更新到最新版本。

sudo rpi-eeprom-update -a

最后使用 sudo reboot 重新启动。重启后就完成了 EEPROM 中 firmware 的更新。

:::{Warning} 取决于使用的树莓派 kernel 状态，目前的修改是以 2024年11月18日 以前的树莓派刚烧录好的系统为例进行说明的，客户需要根据树莓派系统更新情况识别这个步骤是否必须。 :::

在当前的树莓派 kernel 和 M.2 HAT+ 组合中，可能会遇到如下限制：

  • PCIE Device 无法识别

  • PCIE MSI IRQ 无法申请多个

这些问题将导致安装失败或者子卡起不来。需要检查 Raspberry Pi 5 /boot/firmware/config.txt 文件，并进行修改。

如果是第三方的兼容 M.2 HAT+ 产品，需要注意供电问题；在 config.txt 中添加如下描述：

dtparam=pciex1

该描述可以默认打开 PCIE 功能；然后继续增加 PCIE 的设备描述：

dtoverlay=pciex1-compat-pi5,no-mip

完成修改并重启后，可以使用 lspci 命令检查加速卡是否正确被识别：

axera@raspberrypi:~ $ lspci
0000:00:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM2712 PCIe Bridge (rev 21)
0000:01:00.0 Multimedia video controller: Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd Device 0650 (rev 01)
0001:00:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM2712 PCIe Bridge (rev 21)
0001:01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Raspberry Pi Ltd RP1 PCIe 2.0 South Bridge

其中 Multimedia video controller: Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd Device 0650 (rev 01) 就是 AX650 加速卡。

rk3588，rk3568等其余自定义BSP的主控

rk3588定制化能力比较高，存在多个发行版和内核版本，但是主控与M.2算力卡交互需要内核开启CMA配置项进行内存管理，因此需要客户有自己修改内核配置的能力，主要流程为：

  1. 准备内核源码和交叉编译工具链

  2. 配置内核选项，开启CMA选项

  3. 编译内核和模块

  4. 安装内核到开发板，确保正常启动

  5. dmesg验证配置生效