##  AXCL 主控环境搭建

这一节主要是描述各个操作系统以及发行版如何开启CMA内存管理，下面列举已经支持的平台。

| 平台     | arch   |    OS       | 内核       | 验证过程         |
|-------  | ------- |--------     |---------- | ------------   |
| intel   |x64     | centos9      |5.14.0     | ![pass](https://img.shields.io/badge/pass-green)  |
| intel   |x64     | Ubuntu24.04  |6.8.0      | ![pass](https://img.shields.io/badge/pass-green)  |
| intel   |x64     | Kylin 10     |5.14.0     | ![pass](https://img.shields.io/badge/pass-green)  |
| intel   |x64     | OpenEuler 24.03  |6.6.0  | ![pass](https://img.shields.io/badge/pass-green)  |
| AX650   |arm64   | Linux        | 5.15.73   | ![pass](https://img.shields.io/badge/pass-green)  | 
| Raspberry Pi5  |arm64 |Raspbian | 6.6.0      | ![pass](https://img.shields.io/badge/pass-green)  |
| rk3568  |arm64   | ubuntu 20.4  |5.10.160   | ![pass](https://img.shields.io/badge/pass-green)  |
| rk3588  |arm64   | ubuntu 20.4  |5.10.160   | ![pass](https://img.shields.io/badge/pass-green)  |


### CentOS 9

#### 系统信息

```bash
[test@centos ~]$ uname -a
Linux centos 5.14.0-527.el9.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Nov 6 13:28:51 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[test@centos ~]$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Stream"
VERSION="9"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="9"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:el9"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Stream 9"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
LOGO="fedora-logo-icon"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:9"
HOME_URL="https://centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://issues.redhat.com/"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="CentOS Stream"
[test@centos ~]$
```

#### 环境搭建

1. 更新软件包：`sudo yum update`

2. 安装内核源码：`sudo yum install -y kernel-devel kernel-headers`

3. 修改 `grub` 文件添加 `reserved cma size`，转码卡建议设置为 256MB

   ```bash
   [test@centos ~]$ cat /etc/default/grub
   GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
   GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
   GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
   GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
   GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M resume=/dev/mapper/cs_192-swap rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/root rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/swap rhgb quiet cma=256M"
   GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
   GRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true
   [test@centos ~]$
   ```

4. 更新 grub：

   ```bash
   sudo su
   grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
   grub2-editenv - set "$(grub2-editenv - list | grep kernelopts) cma=256M"
   grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="cma=256M"
   ```

5. 关闭 SELinux：

   ```bash
   [test@centos ~]$ cat /etc/selinux/config
   
   # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
   # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
   #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
   #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
   #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
   # See also:
   # https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/getting-started-with-selinux/#getting-started-with-selinux-selinux-states-and-modes
   #
   # NOTE: In earlier Fedora kernel builds, SELINUX=disabled would also
   # fully disable SELinux during boot. If you need a system with SELinux
   # fully disabled instead of SELinux running with no policy loaded, you
   # need to pass selinux=0 to the kernel command line. You can use grubby
   # to persistently set the bootloader to boot with selinux=0:
   #
   #    grubby --update-kernel ALL --args selinux=0
   #
   # To revert back to SELinux enabled:
   #
   #    grubby --update-kernel ALL --remove-args selinux
   #
   SELINUX=disabled
   # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
   #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
   #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
   #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
   SELINUXTYPE=targeted
   
   
   [test@centos ~]$
   ```

6. 安装相关软件包：

   ```bash
   sudo yum install -y patch
   sudo yum install -y rpm-build
   sudo yum install -y gcc g++ make
   ```

7. 重启，执行 `reboot` 或 `sudo reboot`

8. `dmesg | grep cma` 查看 CMA reserved 是否设置成功：

   ```bash
   [test@centos ~]$ dmesg | grep cma
   [    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,gpt2)/vmlinuz-5.14.0-527.el9.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/cs_192-root ro crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M resume=/dev/mapper/cs_192-swap rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/root rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/swap rhgb quiet cma=256M
   [    0.005347] cma: Reserved 256 MiB at 0x0000000100000000 on node -1
   [    0.014230] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,gpt2)/vmlinuz-5.14.0-527.el9.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/cs_192-root ro crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M resume=/dev/mapper/cs_192-swap rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/root rd.lvm.lv=cs_192/swap rhgb quiet cma=256M
   [    0.050869] Memory: 1085392K/33116588K available (16384K kernel code, 5720K rwdata, 13156K rodata, 4016K init, 5528K bss, 1080032K reserved, 262144K cma-reserved)
   [    0.198289] cma: Initial CMA usage detected
   [test@centos ~]$
   ```

###  Ubuntu 22.04

#### 系统信息

```bash
test@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="22.04"
VERSION="22.04.5 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)"
VERSION_CODENAME=jammy
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=jammy
test@ubuntu:~$ 
```

#### 环境搭建

>Ubuntu 22.04 默认没有打开 `CONFIG_CMA=y`  和 `CONFIG_DMA_CMA=y`，所以需要重建内核。
>
>使用 `cat /boot/config-$(uname -r) | grep CMA`可以查看当前内核关于CMA的配置。

1. 安装软件包：`sudo apt install gcc g++ make libncurses-dev flex bison libelf-dev libssl-dev`

2. 获取内核源代码：`sudo apt install linux-source-6.5.0`

3. 解压源码包：`cd /usr/src/; tar jxvf linux-source-6.5.0.tar.bz2`

4. 进入内核源码目录：`cd /usr/src/linux-source-6.5.0/`

5. 为方便操作切换为root用户：`sudo su`

6. 清理旧文件：`make distclean`

7. 复制内核配置文件：`cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) /usr/src/linux-source-6.5.0/.config`

8. 配置内核
    ```bash
    scripts/config --enable CMA
    scripts/config --enable DMA_CMA
    
    scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS
    scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS
    scripts/config --disable DEBUG_INFO_BTF
    
    make olddefconfig # 更新配置
    ```

9. 构建内核 (编译时间较长)：

   ```bash
   make -j$(nproc)
   make modules_install -j$(nproc)
   make headers_install -j$(nproc)
   make install
   ```

8. 配置CMA大小：`vim /etc/default/grub`，添加 `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cma=256MB"`

   ```bash
   root@ubuntu:~# cat /etc/default/grub
   # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
   # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
   # For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
   #   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
   
   GRUB_DEFAULT=0
   GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
   GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
   GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cma=256MB"
   
   # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
   # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
   # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
   #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
   
   # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
   #GRUB_TERMINAL=console
   
   # The resolution used on graphical terminal
   # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
   # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
   #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
   
   # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
   #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
   
   # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
   #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
   
   # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
   #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
   root@ubuntu:~#
   ```

10. 更新grub：`update-grub` 

11. 重启设备：`reboot`

12. 查看CMA reserved的大小：`sudo dmesg | grep cma`

    ```bash
    test@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmesg | grep cma
    [    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.5.13 root=UUID=ed2bd69d-f89a-4952-baef-aee37d6b02e2 ro cma=256MB quiet splash vt.handoff=7
    [    0.005136] cma: Reserved 256 MiB at 0x0000000100000000
    [    0.087585] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.5.13 root=UUID=ed2bd69d-f89a-4952-baef-aee37d6b02e2 ro cma=256MB quiet splash vt.handoff=7
    [    0.198353] Memory: 31551428K/33116588K available (20480K kernel code, 4267K rwdata, 7276K rodata, 4772K init, 17416K bss, 1302756K reserved, 262144K cma-reserved)
    test@ubuntu:~$ 
    ```

### OpenEuler 24.03

#### 系统信息

```bash
[test@openeuler ~]$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="openEuler"
VERSION="24.03 (LTS)"
ID="openEuler"
VERSION_ID="24.03"
PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 24.03 (LTS)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"

[test@openeuler ~]$
```

#### 环境搭建

> OpenEuler 24.03 默认没有打开 `CONFIG_CMA=y`  和 `CONFIG_DMA_CMA=y`，所以需要重建内核。
> 
> 使用 `cat /boot/config-$(uname -r) | grep CMA`可以查看当前内核关于CMA的配置。

1. 安装软件包：`sudo dnf install -y rpm-build openssl-devel bc rsync gcc gcc-c++ flex bison m4 elfutils-libelf-devel dwarves`

2. 下载内核源码：`sudo dnf install -y kernel-source`

3. 进入内核源码目录：`cd /usr/src/linux-6.6.0-61.0.0.60.oe2403.x86_64/`

4. 为方便操作切换为root用户：`sudo su`

5. 加载内核配置：`make openeuler_defconfig`

6. 配置内核：

   ```bash
   scripts/config --enable CMA
   scripts/config --enable DMA_CMA
   
   scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS
   scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS
   scripts/config --disable DEBUG_INFO_BTF
   
   make olddefconfig # 更新配置
   ```

7. 构建内核 (编译时间较长)
   ```bash
   make -j$(nproc)
   make modules_install -j$(nproc)
   make headers_install -j$(nproc)
   make install
   ```

8. 配置CMA大小：`vim /etc/default/grub`，在 `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX` 添加 `"cma=256MB"`

    ```bash
    [test@openeuler ~]$ cat /etc/default/grub
    GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
    GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
    GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
    GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
    GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="resume=UUID=8fc8e105-43fb-47b2-9815-3bebcc42ba3b rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/root rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/swap cgroup_disable=files apparmor=0 crashkernel=512M cma=256M"
    GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
    [test@openeuler ~]$
    ```

9. 更新 grub

    ```bash
    grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    grub2-editenv - set "$(grub2-editenv - list | grep kernelopts) cma=256M"
    grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="cma=256M"
    ```

10. 关闭 `SELinux`，设置 `SELINUX=disabled`

    ```bash
    [test@openeuler ~]$ cat /etc/selinux/config
    
    # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
    # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
    #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
    #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
    #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
    SELINUX=disabled
    # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
    #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
    #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
    #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
    SELINUXTYPE=targeted
    
    [test@openeuler ~]$
	```

11. 重启，执行 `reboot` 或 `sudo reboot`

12. `dmesg | grep cma` 查看 CMA reserved 是否设置成功：

     ```bash
     [test@openeuler ~]$ sudo dmesg | grep cma
     [    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.6.0 root=UUID=bc2e1f2c-87c1-415d-ba78-67131985fa31 resume=UUID=8fc8e105-43fb-47b2-9815-3bebcc42ba3b rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/root rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/swap cgroup_disable=files apparmor=0 crashkernel=512M cma=256M
     [    0.004731] cma: Reserved 256 MiB at 0x0000000100000000 on node -1
     [    0.014041] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.6.0 root=UUID=bc2e1f2c-87c1-415d-ba78-67131985fa31 resume=UUID=8fc8e105-43fb-47b2-9815-3bebcc42ba3b rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/root rd.lvm.lv=openeuler/swap cgroup_disable=files apparmor=0 crashkernel=512M cma=256M
     [    0.050907] Memory: 848232K/33116588K available (16384K kernel code, 5200K rwdata, 5340K rodata, 3440K init, 4848K bss, 1304332K reserved, 262144K cma-reserved)
     [test@openeuler ~]$
     ```

### Kylin 10

#### 系统信息

系统版本：[V10 SP1 2403 HWE](https://product.kylinos.cn/productCase/171/36)

```bash
[axera@localhost ~]$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 5.14.0-148.el9.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 19 13:03:55 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[axera@localhost ~]$ uname -r
5.14.0-148.el9.x86_64

[axera@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="Kylin"
VERSION="银河麒麟桌面操作系统V10 (SP1)"
VERSION_US="Kylin Linux Desktop V10 (SP1)"
ID=kylin
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Kylin V10 SP1"
VERSION_ID="v10"
HOME_URL="http://www.kylinos.cn/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://www.kylinos.cn/support/technology.html"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.kylinos.cn/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="http://www.kylinos.cn"
VERSION_CODENAME=kylin
UBUNTU_CODENAME=kylin
PROJECT_CODENAME=V10SP1
KYLIN_RELEASE_ID="2403"
```

#### 环境搭建

1. 查看CMA和DMA是否打开？ 即 `CONFIG_CMA=y` 和 `CONFIG_DMA_CMA=y`

   ```bash
   [axera@localhost ~]$ cat /boot/config-5.10.0-9-generic | grep CMA
   CONFIG_CMA=y
   # CONFIG_CMA_DEBUG is not set
   # CONFIG_CMA_DEBUGFS is not set
   CONFIG_CMA_AREAS=7
   CONFIG_NETWORK_SECMARK=y
   CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_SECMARK=y
   CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_CONNSECMARK=m
   CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_SECMARK=m
   CONFIG_B43_BCMA=y
   CONFIG_B43_BUSES_BCMA_AND_SSB=y
   # CONFIG_B43_BUSES_BCMA is not set
   CONFIG_B43_BCMA_PIO=y
   CONFIG_INPUT_CMA3000=m
   CONFIG_INPUT_CMA3000_I2C=m
   CONFIG_BCMA_POSSIBLE=y
   CONFIG_BCMA=m
   CONFIG_BCMA_BLOCKIO=y
   CONFIG_BCMA_HOST_PCI_POSSIBLE=y
   CONFIG_BCMA_HOST_PCI=y
   CONFIG_BCMA_HOST_SOC=y
   CONFIG_BCMA_DRIVER_PCI=y
   CONFIG_BCMA_SFLASH=y
   CONFIG_BCMA_DRIVER_GMAC_CMN=y
   CONFIG_BCMA_DRIVER_GPIO=y
   # CONFIG_BCMA_DEBUG is not set
   CONFIG_DRM_GEM_CMA_HELPER=y
   CONFIG_DRM_KMS_CMA_HELPER=y
   CONFIG_USB_HCD_BCMA=m
   CONFIG_COMEDI_PCMAD=m
   # CONFIG_ION_CMA_HEAP is not set
   CONFIG_CRYPTO_CMAC=m
   CONFIG_DMA_CMA=y
   # CONFIG_DMA_PERNUMA_CMA is not set
   CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_MBYTES=0
   CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MBYTES=y
   # CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_PERCENTAGE is not set
   # CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MIN is not set
   # CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MAX is not set
   CONFIG_CMA_ALIGNMENT=8
   ```

2. 如果kernel config没有打开CMA配置，参考 [stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56508117/how-to-allocate-large-contiguous-memory-regions-in-linux) 帖子配置。

3.  `dmesg | grep cma` 查看CMA reserved的大小

   ```bash
   [axera@localhost ~]$  dmesg | grep cma
   [    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-5.10.0-9-generic root=UUID=c7a8075e-85dc-4a73-84e8-9b5bc3029204 ro cma=128MB quiet splash loglevel=0 resume=UUID=d27e8de7-dc17-47ab-92c6-5e7e34bca463 security=kysec
   [    0.005838] cma: Reserved 128 MiB at 0x0000000487800000
   [    0.026542] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-5.10.0-9-generic root=UUID=c7a8075e-85dc-4a73-84e8-9b5bc3029204 ro cma=128MB quiet splash loglevel=0 resume=UUID=d27e8de7-dc17-47ab-92c6-5e7e34bca463 security=kysec
   [    0.052526] Memory: 15721272K/16458476K available (14345K kernel code, 6114K rwdata, 7480K rodata, 3828K init, 20636K bss, 605872K reserved, 131072K cma-reserved)
   ```

4.  如果CMA大小没有配置成合适size（推荐不小于128MB），按照如下步骤配置：

   1. `sudo vim /etc/default/grub`，添加 `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cma=128MB"`, size 根据自己业务和实际内存情况设置。

      ```bash
      [axera@localhost ~]$ sudo vim /etc/default/grub
      输入密码          
      # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
      # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
      # For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
      #   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
      
      GRUB_DEFAULT=0
      GRUB_TIMEOUT=1
      GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
      GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR_RELEASE=`lsb_release -d -s | awk -F" " '{print $2 " " $3}' 2> /dev/null || echo ""`
      GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash loglevel=0"
      GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cma=128MB"
      GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_SECURITY="security=kysec"
      
      # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
      # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
      # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
      #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
      
      # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
      #GRUB_TERMINAL=console
      
      # The resolution used on graphical terminal
      # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
      # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
      #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
      
      # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
      #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
      
      # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
      #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
      
      # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
      #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
      ```

   2. `sudo update-grub` 更新grub

   3. `sudo reboot`

### Raspberry Pi 5

在树莓派 5 上安装 AX650 加速卡时，首先需要准备一块 M.2 HAT+ 扩展板。参考[官方链接](https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/using-m-2-hat-with-raspberry-pi-5/)，M.2 HAT+ 的官方版本只支持 2230、2242 的 M.2 M Key 卡，通常 AX650 加速卡是 2280 的，您可能需要考虑购买第三方的支持 2280 长度的 M.2 HAT+ 扩展板。

:::{Warning}
根据树莓派硬件批次不同，可能需要更新一下树莓派的 EEPROM 设置。具体步骤如下：
:::

如同 PC 中的 BIOS，EEPROM 设置独立于烧录 OS 的 TF 卡，烧录最新的树莓派镜像或者切换镜像版本并不会主动更新 EEPROM 的设置。首先执行 update：

```bash
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade
```

然后检查一下 EEPROM 中的版本：

```bash
sudo rpi-eeprom-update
```

如果看到的日期早于 `2023 年 12 月 6 日`，运行以下命令以打开 Raspberry Pi 配置 CLI：

```bash
sudo raspi-config
```

在 Advanced Options > Bootloader Version （引导加载程序版本） 下，选择 Latest （最新）。然后，使用 Finish 或 ESC 键退出 raspi-config。

执行以下命令，将固件更新到最新版本。

```bash
sudo rpi-eeprom-update -a
```

最后使用 `sudo reboot` 重新启动。重启后就完成了 EEPROM 中 firmware 的更新。


:::{Warning}
取决于使用的树莓派 kernel 状态，目前的修改是以 2024年11月18日 以前的树莓派刚烧录好的系统为例进行说明的，客户需要根据树莓派系统更新情况识别这个步骤是否必须。
:::

在当前的树莓派 kernel 和 M.2 HAT+ 组合中，可能会遇到如下限制：

> - PCIE Device 无法识别
> - PCIE MSI IRQ 无法申请多个

这些问题将导致安装失败或者子卡起不来。需要检查 Raspberry Pi 5 `/boot/firmware/config.txt` 文件，并进行修改。

如果是第三方的兼容 M.2 HAT+ 产品，需要注意供电问题；在 config.txt 中添加如下描述：

```bash
dtparam=pciex1
```
该描述可以默认打开 PCIE 功能；然后继续增加 PCIE 的设备描述：

```bash
dtoverlay=pciex1-compat-pi5,no-mip
```

完成修改并重启后，可以使用 `lspci` 命令检查加速卡是否正确被识别：

```bash
axera@raspberrypi:~ $ lspci
0000:00:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM2712 PCIe Bridge (rev 21)
0000:01:00.0 Multimedia video controller: Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd Device 0650 (rev 01)
0001:00:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM2712 PCIe Bridge (rev 21)
0001:01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Raspberry Pi Ltd RP1 PCIe 2.0 South Bridge
```

其中 `Multimedia video controller: Axera Semiconductor Co., Ltd Device 0650 (rev 01)` 就是 AX650 加速卡。


### rk3588，rk3568等其余自定义BSP的主控

rk3588定制化能力比较高，存在多个发行版和内核版本，但是主控与M.2算力卡交互需要内核开启CMA配置项进行内存管理，因此需要客户有自己修改内核配置的能力，主要流程为： 

1. 准备内核源码和交叉编译工具链

2. 配置内核选项，开启CMA选项

3. 编译内核和模块

4. 安装内核到开发板，确保正常启动

5. dmesg验证配置生效